2.37: Describe the Reactions of Hydrochloric Acid, Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid with Metals, Bases and Metal Carbonates (Excluding the Reactions Between Nitric Acid and Metals) to Form Salts

REACTING ACIDS WITH METALS

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Only Metals above Hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with Dilute Acids to form a Salt and Hydrogen Gas:

Acid    +    Metal   →    Salt    +    Hydrogen

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Examples of Reaction Between Acids and Metals:

ACID	NAME OF PRODUCTS	EQUATION FOR REACTION
HYDROCHLORIC ACID	Metal Chloride and Hydrogen	x   +   2HCl   →   xCl2   +   H2
SULFURIC ACID	Metal Sulfate and Hydrogen	x   +   H2SO4   →   xSO4   +   H2

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REACTING ACIDS WITH BASES (ALKALIS)

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Acids will react with Bases - all Metal Oxides and Metal Hydroxides, in a neutralisation reaction to produce a Salt and Water:

Acid    +    Base   →    Salt    +    Water

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Examples of Reaction Between Acids and Bases:

ACID	NAME OF PRODUCTS	EQUATION FOR REACTION
HYDROCHLORIC ACID	Metal Chloride and Water	xOH   +   HCl   →   xCl   +   H2O
SULFURIC ACID	Metal Sulfate and Water	xO   +   H2SO4   →   xSO4   +   H2O
NITRIC ACID	Metal Nitrate and Water	x(OH)2  +  HNO3  →  x(NO3)2  +  2H2O

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REACTING ACIDS WITH METAL CARBONATES

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Acids will React with Metal Carbonates to form Salts, Carbon Dioxide and Water:

Acid    +    Metal Carbonate   →    Salt    +    Carbon Dioxide    +    Water

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Examples of Reaction Between Acids and Bases:

ACID	NAME OF PRODUCTS	EQUATION FOR REACTION
HYDROCHLORIC ACID	Metal Chloride, Carbon Dioxide and Water	xCO3   +   2HCl   →   xCl2      +   CO2   +   H2O
SULFURIC ACID	Metal Sulfate, Carbon Dioxide and Water	xCO3   +   H2SO4   →   xSO4   +   CO2   +   H2O
NITRIC ACID	Metal Nitrate, Carbon Dioxide and Water	xCO3  +  HNO3  →  x(NO3)2  +   CO2   +   H2O